Three capacity rules

Section of Birth–death chains and queues, part of Stochastic processes

Three capacity rules

Type Section
Taught in Birth–death chains and queues
Part Stochastic processes

The three basic queues share the arrival rate \lambda and differ in the departure rate:

Model Departure rate in state n
M/M/1 \mu when n\ge 1, and 0 when n=0
M/M/c \min(n,c)\,\mu
M/M/∞ n\mu

In M/M/1, once the server is busy, further customers do not increase the service rate. In M/M/c the rate increases until all c servers are busy and then stops increasing. In M/M/∞ it keeps increasing. The stability conditions are the statement that the birth–death series of weights converges, read off this tail.

Take \lambda=4 and \mu=3 per hour. One server is overloaded because 4>3. Two servers have maximum departure rate 6, so M/M/2 is stable. The infinite-server system is stable with Poisson mean 4/3. The three answers describe three different amounts of service capacity.

Used in

See also

Little’s law · Birth–death balance · M/M/1 queue · M/M/∞ queue · Multi-server and finite-capacity queues · Machine-repair model · Blocking, throughput, and Little’s law · Local balance

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