File:da-01-studies-and-data-assignment.png

Figure file · Studies, data, and evidence

Left: in an observational study, diet and income can affect both whether a mother smokes and her son’s height, so an association between the two need not be causal. Right: in a designed experiment the drug is assigned at random, so the assignment cannot depend on age, diet or fitness, and those cannot explain a difference in blood pressure.

Left: in an observational study, diet and income can affect both whether a mother smokes and her son’s height, so an association between the two need not be causal. Right: in a designed experiment the drug is assigned at random, so the assignment cannot depend on age, diet or fitness, and those cannot explain a difference in blood pressure.

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Summary

Description. Left: in an observational study, diet and income can affect both whether a mother smokes and her son’s height, so an association between the two need not be causal. Right: in a designed experiment the drug is assigned at random, so the assignment cannot depend on age, diet or fitness, and those cannot explain a difference in blood pressure.

Appears in. Studies, data, and evidence

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